Lexical Bundles in Learner Writing: An Analysis of Formulaic Language in the ALESS Learner Corpus

Lexical bundles are empirically derived formulaic units of language which are register-specifi c and perform a variety of discourse functions. Because these units of language contribute to the linguistic make up of specifi c registers, they can be important indicators for determining the success of language users within these discourse communities. Therefore, language learners need to assimilate appropriate use of lexical bundles in order to create effective and successful, register convergent discourse. The present research examines the type and frequency of lexical bundles in the ALESS Learner Corpus. Three analyses are performed focusing on accuracy, grammatical class and function of lexical bundles in learner writing, and the fi ndings are compared with other corpora in order to assess convergence of learner use with native speaker use and published academic writing. The fi ndings reveal a number of areas where pedagogical applications and further research are recommended.